The existence of the Reserve also holds importance because of its high biodiversity and the fact that it is home to a number of endangered species. 

One of these is the Masked Antpitta (Hylopezus auricularis), a bird considered as vulnerable by the IUCN, which only exists in fragments of Riberalta‘s surrounding and the Reserve. 

In addition, the Reserve is home to animals such as the Jaguar (panthera onca), the Giant Brazilian Otter (pteronura brasiliensis) and the Peruvian Spider Monkey (ateles chamek) which all face extinction. Conservation is vital if these endangered species are to survive.

The Masked Antpitta is an uncommon bird endemic to Riberalta and its surroundings in the Bolivian Amazon, and is classified as ‘Vulnerable’ (IUCN) due to its limited range and ongoing habitat degradation. The Aquicuana Reserve is one of the few places where they can be found, and is likely their only legally protected habitat – it has been recorded at several distinct locales within the Reserve. It has a dark brown ‘mask’ around the eyes underneath a grey crown with a streaked throat and olive-brown upperparts. It is often more easily heard than seen with its distinctive vocalizations.

The Londra or the Wolf of Rio Grande can be found in rivers and lakes in family groups. It hunts large fish and other aquatic animals, including lizards and snakes. In the municipality of Riberalta there is almost no longer because the rivers are running out of clear water and fish, while it is also hunted for its skin or, because people fear that they will eat the fish. Additional threat is the mercury poisoning of the river, because of the river extraction and the hydroelectric constructions. 

The Tiger or Jaguar’s alimentation is principally composed of large mammals such as Capiguaras, Troperos and Vena- dos. It usually hunts at any time of day or night, and likes to walk on trails in wet places and near rivers. It is a very hunted animal because it is considered has a dangerous animal for cattle and also, because of their valuable skin on the market.  

However, the main threat is the loss of its habitat because of deforestation. 

The Marimono or Spider Monkey  is a species of big monkey that lives in the treetops in group of 2 to 9, traveling through the forest in search for ripe fruits and tender leaves. The logging of timber trees reduces their food and complicate their survive. It is also victim of the hunt. 

It lives in the forests and Pampas well preserved. Usually in small groups of 4 to 7. Their prey favorites include mice and jochis. It joins the list of vulnerable species since preserved forests  are disappearing. 

This large animal eats leaves, aquatic vegetation and fruits. More common in the palm groves and shoals. It is threatened by the Forest destruction and hunting. It is possible that in Riberalta there is a second species of anta, smaller and more Black (Tapirus kabomani).

It has just been discovered that Bolivian Bufeo belongs to a different species of freshwater dolphins. The Bufeo can be found in the Yata River where it eats all kinds of fish. Threats to the Bufeo include overfishing, pollution, hydroelectric construction and even the use of their meat as bait for fishing.

Rare species of the Pampas Beniana. It eats grass, herbs and other plant material. It is increasingly difficult to observe groups of these animals mainly due to the hunting.

Large deer that inhabits the humid pampas. He mainly eats aquatic vegetation and grass. It is threatened by hunting, and changes in vegetation by burning and livestock.

Medium tortoise that lives in rivers, streams and lagoons where it eats plants, fruits and even dead animals. It is usually sunny on logs and beaches. Although the consumption of their meat and egg collection are officially prohibited, they remain strong threats.

It is a giant tattoo that can measure up to a meter. He lives alone and feeds on ants and turiros that he obtains by digging his nests with his great and powerful claws. Sleep in large caves that dig in termite mounds. It is threatened because it recovers very hard from hunting and habitat loss.

Large animals that eat fish and others as adults animals. They live near bodies of water. They have suffered a strong hunt for their skins and although now it is officially protected is still hunted, and sometimes it they drown in fishing nets.

Lagoon fish, streams and flooded forest that feeds on fruits and seeds. It is threatened by overfishing and the obstruction of its migration routes by the Madera River dams. Fishing for individuals under 62 cm is prohibited.

Fish that inhabits the bottom of the great Amazonian rivers. Eat other fish species and migrate long distances. It is threatened by fishing and the destruction of its habitat in Brazil and by dams.

Bird hard to see. He lives in small groups in riverside forests and open areas. Threatened by the collection of pigeons as pets. Hunting and eating are prohibited.